By Johannes Ring
Anaphylaxis is the main dramatic and possibly life-threatening manifestation of an immediate-type allergy response. even though recognized for over a hundred years, it nonetheless poses many unresolved questions, and its useful administration and acute remedy are frequently extra empiric in nature than evidence-based. during this ebook, a multidisciplinary staff of specialists evaluate the state-of-the-art within the pathophysiology, epidemiology, prognosis and medical symptomatology of anaphylaxis. Its etiology with reference to diversified elicitors similar to insect venoms, radiocontrast media, analgesics, common and native anesthetics is tested intimately. ultimately, remedy modalities for anaphylaxis are mentioned either for acute reactions and as common administration strategies for sufferers in danger. delivering thorough and updated insurance of this often underestimated challenge, this ebook is of curiosity not just to allergologists and immunologists, but additionally to all physicians and affected sufferers.
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Extra resources for Anaphylaxis (Chemical Immunology and Allergy, Vol. 95)
Sample text
The International Classification Codes (ICD) recording anaphylaxis are imprecise and do not properly reflect the epidemiological needs. Causes of Anaphylaxis The most frequent causes of anaphylaxis are food, insect venom and drugs [1–13]. g. emergency rooms vs. allergists. In a recent study among practicing doctors in Germany, venom was for example referred to as a common cause of anaphylaxis if the data was obtained from general practitioners and dermatologists, whereas drugs were the most common cause if radiologists and oncologists were asked [14].
References 1 Arenberg KM, Harper DS, Larsson BL: Footnotes on allergy. Uppsala, Pharmacia AB, 1980. 2 Barnard JH: Studies of 400 Hymenoptera sting deaths in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1973;52:259–264. 3 Bochner BS, Lichtenstein LM: Anaphylaxis. N Engl J Med 1991;324:81–88. 4 Brockow K, Kiehn M, Riethmüller C, Vieluf D, Berger J, Ring J: Efficacy of antihistamine pretreatment in the prevention of adverse reactions to Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Out of three classes, the two MHC molecules, class I and II, are important contributors in this recognition [57, 58]. When an intracellular pathogen like a virus invades a host cell, intracellular antigens are produced by viral replication. The host is capable of digestion of these viral associated proteins into small peptides via specialized enzyme complexes termed as proteasomes [55]. Sometimes endogenous 26 Ozdemir · Akdis · Akdis Allergen IL-12 MHC-II-peptide complex Signal 1 TCR Signal 2 DC PAMP PRR CD80 CD86 CD28 CD40 OX40 ICOS-L T cell CD40L OX40L ICOS Signal 3 CCL-2 Fig.
