By Vize, Woollf, Bard
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Even though amniotes only form transient pronephroi whose anatomy implies that they may not ever function as excretory organs, they may still play an important developmental role. The only real way to demonstrate that pronephric tubules have no function is to identify a viable mutant that lacks embryonic but not adult kidneys, and no such mutation has yet been identified. One possible developmental role for pronephric tubules is in the induction of the pronephric duct, without which neither the meso- nor the metanephric kidneys would form or function.
15 Frontal sections through the pronephroi of various organisms. (A) The lamprey (Wheeler, 1900). (B) The ray, Torpedo. After Rückert (1888). (C) The ray-finned fish, Polypterus. After Kerr (1919). (D) The caecilian, Hypogeophis alternans. After Brauer (1902). (E) The lizard, Lacerta muralis. After Kerens (1907). qxd 25/11/02 10:33 AM Page 35 3 Pronephric Tubules 35 least for the short period of time in which they exist. For example, Fig. 15 shows frontal sections through the tubules of a jawless fish, an electric ray, a lungfish, a legless amphibian, and a lizard, and all are remarkably similar.
A) Transverse section through a NF stage 26 embryo (after Hausen and Riebesell, 1991) illustrating the relationship of the pronephric primordia to Genes expressed in response to the early patterning signals are activated throughout the pronephric anlage (Fig. 8). The first exception to this general pronephric expression is the Wilms’ tumor gene-1 orthologue, WT-1. , 2000). WT-1 is first activated in the medial pronephric mesoderm at stage 18 in X. , 1998). Shortly after WT-1 activation, genes that were initially expressed throughout the pronephric mesoderm, such as Pax-8 and lim-1, become restricted to the lateral pronephros (Fig.
