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Pharmacology of Fluorides: Part 2 by A. M. G. Macdonald (auth.), Frank A. Smith Ph.D. (eds.)

By A. M. G. Macdonald (auth.), Frank A. Smith Ph.D. (eds.)

This quantity is the finishing touch of labor before everything deliberate a number of years in the past as a compilation of chosen features of the organic results of fluorides. the 1st component seemed in quantity XXII (1966) of this Handbuch, less than the identify "Pharmacology of Fluorides, half 1. " Inasmuch because the current quantity is a vital part of the unique undertaking, justification for providing it to the medical neighborhood is still similar to that initially set forth. this can be recapitulated as follows. The large elevate within the annual construction of fluorides over the quantities produced thirty years in the past, including the elevated range in their makes use of has correspondingly elevated the threat linked to those fabrics. that's to claim, the chances of encountering their attribute poisonous results less than the stipulations in their use has elevated as the sort, quantities and methods of utilization have elevated. Their inherent toxicity, in fact has no longer replaced, however the elevated chance has resulted in an enormous bring up within the quantity and scope of analysis pronounced. it's the objective of those volumes to study chosen facets of this literature. Rochester, N. Y. , February 1970 FRANK A. SMITH Acknowledgements Even the informal reader of this quantity will quickly observe that contributing authors, in addition to these contributing to its predecessor, quantity XX/I, have made stable use of tables of knowledge, figures and pertinent quotations from formerly released work.

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21) are more satisfactory with regard to interferences. The method given below (BELCHER and MACDONALD, 1957) is one of the most straightforward of the various gravimetric procedures and is as accurate as more complex methods. It is not suitable for less than 10 mg of fluoride unless the volume is low and microanalytical techniques are used, but it could be readily modified for amounts of fluoride above 30 mg. G. Analysis for Fluorine a) Recommended Lead Chlorofluoride Procedure a) Reagents Lead chloronitrate solution.

2. The Bleaching of Zirconium-Dye Complexes For titrimetric purposes, thorium methods have been much more widely used than zirconium methods, but the converse is true for colorimetric procedures. One of the earliest colorimetric methods for fluoride involves the bleaching of the lake or complex formed between zirconium and alizarin. , 1954; HORTON, 1961, 1962). Suitable standard procedures, largely based on the work of MEGREGIAN and MAIER (1952), have been given by the American Public Health Association (1955).

HALL (1957) has used a paper-chromatographic separation of interfering ions in which fluoride is retained at the start with a mixed calcium-thorium reagent. Nanogram amounts of fluoride in a drop of solution can be detected by a positive color reaction with acidic zirconium solution and xylenol orange or methylthymol blue (WILSON and COOKE, 1966); this appears to be more sensitive than the earlier positive color reaction with cerium -alizarin fluorine blue described by BELCHER et al. (1959b). For the detection of fluorine in organic materials, a convenient method is to decompose the sample in an oxygen-filled flask (see p.

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