By Michael Burgan
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Extra resources for The Underground Railroad (Slavery in the Americas)
Sample text
The slave catchers counted on the courts’ ignoring any evidence that the “slaves” might actually be free. In 1799, a group of free African Americans in Philadelphia asked Congress to take action, since blacks were A New Country and Its Slaves · 33 being “hunted by armed Men, and . . ” Congress ignored the call to change the Fugitive Slave Act or prevent the kidnappings. This handbill from 1850 is typical of the detailed descriptions of runaway slaves that were posted by slave hunters. A reward of $50 would be equivalent to more than $1,000 today.
Fugitives who wanted to go to Canada could travel overland or sail across the lake into Ontario. Other runaways headed to states north and west of Ohio, to get as far away as possible from their old masters and the slave catchers. Slaves who became Christians often used Bible stories to explain their own situation and their hope for a better life. ” In the Bible, Moses was the Jewish prophet who led the Israelites out of their slavery in Egypt. In Ohio, informal efforts to help runaway slaves began as early as 1815.
He believed that Florida would be payment for “the outrages of Spain upon the Property of our Citizens”—in other words, Spain’s protection of runaway slaves. Jackson’s invasion was a success: He defeated the Spanish, and East Florida became part of the United States in 1819. The Seminole, however, continued to live in the swamps of Florida, with free blacks nearby, and Southern slaves continued to seek their freedom by joining the Seminole. The existence of Seminole and fugitive slave communities eventually led to more fighting between the United States and the Seminole.
