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Additional info for Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials (Point (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins))
Example text
Interpretation of Diffusing Capacity for CO It is clear that the measured diffusing capacity of the lung for CO depends not only on the area and thickness of the blood-gas barrier but also on the volume of blood in the pulmonary capillaries. Furthermore, in the diseased lung, the measurement is affected by the distribution of diffusion properties, alveolar volume, and capillary blood. For these reasons, the term transfer factor is sometimes used (particularly in Europe) to emphasize that the measurement does not solely reflect the diffusion properties of the lung.
Shunt Another reason why the PO2 of arterial blood is less than that in alveolar gas is shunted blood. Shunt refers to blood that enters the arterial system without going through ventilated areas of lung. In the normal lung, some of the bronchial artery blood is collected by the pulmonary veins after it has perfused the bronchi and its O2 has been partly depleted. Another source is a small amount of coronary venous blood that drains directly into the cavity of the left ventricle through the thebesian veins.
D. E. diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide is increased by: Emphysema, which causes loss of pulmonary capillaries. Asbestosis, which causes thickening of the blood-gas barrier. Pulmonary embolism, which cuts off the blood supply to part of the lung. Exercise in a normal subject. Severe anemia. 29 Blood Flow and Metabolism 4 Blood Flow and Metabolism: How the Pulmonary Circulation Removes Gas From the Lung and Alters Some Metabolites • • • • • • • • • Pressures Within Pulmonary Blood Vessels Pressures Around Pulmonary Blood Vessels Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Measurement of Pulmonary Blood Flow Distribution of Blood Flow Active Control of the Circulation Water Balance in the Lung Other Functions of the Pulmonary Circulation Metabolic Functions of the Lung We now turn to how the respiratory gases are removed from the lung.
