By Jaap Valk
With the growing to be variety of MR installations, clinicians and radiologist are being faced an increasing number of with visible info they don't believe as convinced with as with the extra 'mono-form' infor mation of traditional radiographs, CT and US. the liberty of parameter selection ofthe MR operator permits a similar item to be depicted in numerous methods and the distinction within the pictures to be replaced and inverted at will. For these now not skilled in reading MR photographs, this can reason confusion and uncertainty approximately their diagnostic content material. this can occasionally result in an pointless retreat to different diagnostic modalities. the aim of this publication is to assist shut the distance among MR operators and readers and clinicians. quite a few situations is gifted, including the MRI concerns. In approximately these types of instances, confirma tion of prognosis used to be received by means of histological exam. particularly intentionally, this booklet basically contains the occasional CT test or angiography for comparability, to prevent the temptation of falling again on different modalities and of escaping from the usually tougher to interpret, yet after all extra worthwhile MR pictures. all of the MR photos during this ebook have been made with a 'first-generation', unsophisticated Teslacon I, 0.6 T, superconducting magnet method. expectantly, they are going to mirror the standard of the desktop. a few humans will consider me that it's unhappy that investments in dear healthiness care platforms are topic to the whims of these who're in general drawn to pleasant their stockholders.
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Additional resources for MRI of the Brain, Head, Neck and Spine: A teaching atlas of clinical applications
Sample text
On our system, these artefacts could be removed by reversing the sequence of gradient encoding in the y-direction and frequency read out in the x-direction, thus enabling us to continue to use the 128 x 256 matrix, which is time-saving and in many cases a good compromise. Image f. shows ghost images, due, in this case, to movements of the child. In SE series with late echoes, they may be caused by pulsatile CSF movements. The images g and h are from an SE 3000/30/90 series at the level of the third ventricle.
On those images it was difficult to differentiate between a cystic enlarged pineal gland and a pinealoma. We, therefore, repeated the examination in order to obtain a good view of the region of the lamina quadrigemina and the pineal gland. MRI We started in this case with thin section sagittal slices (4 mm, SE 350/35; 192 x 256, NSQ 6) with a reduced FOV (a, b). The lamina quadrigemina can be seen on these images. On top of the superior colliculus, one can see a rounded structure of lowintermediate SI, just under the splenium of the corpus callosum (small arrow in a and b).
It means that there is supposedly rapid flow through the aqueduct, in one direction, due to excessive CSF propulsion, or in two directions, due to pulsatile movements of the CSF or propagation of pulsations of the vessels of the circle of Willis in the basilar cisterns. This is believed to be a sign of decreased ventricular compliance or, in other words, to reflect loss of elasticity of the brain, so that the pulsations are not cushioned but propagated directly towards the 3rd ventricle and aqueduct.
