By White S., Pharoah M.
Univ. of California, l. a.. entire textual content at the basic rules of X-rays and the applying of radiation physics. for college kids. prior version: c1994. ample halftone illustrations. This variation standardizes the presentation of cardinal radiographic gains of every . DNLM: Radiography, Dental.
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OTHER LATE SOMATIC EFFECTS A number of late somatic effects other than carcinogenesis have been found in the survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Radiation Genetics GENE MUTATION Radiation may induce damage in the genetic material of reproductive cells, and the offspring of irradiated parents may experience the effects of such damage. In his pioneering work in this field, Muller (1927) reported radiation-induced mutations in Drosophila (fruit flies). Intensive work in this field established a number of basic principles of radiation genetics.
8 Gy in the presence of oxygen. The oxygen enhancement ratio measures the influence of oxygen. ceiving doses above the threshold level show damage in proportion to the dose. sustained in the presence of oxygen is related to the increased amounts of hydrogen peroxide and hydroperoxyl free radicals formed. The oxygen enhancement ratio measures the extent of this damage. , 50% survival of a cell population) under anoxic conditions divided by the dose required to produce the same endpoint under fully oxygenated conditions.
Such reactions may involve the removal of hydrogen: 23 24 The OH' free radical is more important in causing such damage. Organic free radicals are unstable and transform into stable altered molecules as described in the earlier section in this chapter on direct effects (p. 23). These altered molecules have different chemical and biologic properties from the original molecules. The important role of water radiolysis and the indirect action of radiation may be seen by comparing the radiation dose required to inactivate enzymes when dry or in solution.
