By Kou
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Extra info for Welding Metallurgy, Second Edition
Sample text
13 Measured power density distributions. Reprinted from Lu and Kou (3). Courtesy of American Welding Society. the conical tip of the tungsten electrode. 12. B. Measurements Several investigators have measured the power density distribution (and current density distribution) in the gas tungsten arc by using the split-anode method (2, 18–20). 13 shows the results of Tsai (20) and Lu and Kou (3). For simplicity, the Gaussian-type distribution is often used as an approximation (21–23). 14 is a schematic showing the welding of a stationary workpiece (24).
The arc is established between a GMAW torch and a GTA torch and the droplets collect in the calorimeter below. 5 Calorimeter for measuring heat inputs in GMAW: (a) metal droplets; (b) total heat input; (c) combined heat inputs from arc and metal droplets. Reprinted from Lu and Kou (10, 11). Courtesy of American Welding Society. 6 Power inputs during GMAW of aluminum: (a) measured results; (b) breakdown of total power input. Reprinted from Lu and Kou (10). Courtesy of American Welding Society. mined.
Giedt et al. 2a to measure the arc efficiency in GTAW. The name Seebeck came from the Seebeck thermoelectric effect of a thermocouple, namely, a voltage is produced between two thermocouple junctions of different temperatures. The torch can be quickly withdrawn after welding, and the calorimeter lid can be closed to minimize heat losses to the surrounding air. 2 Measurement of arc efficiency in GTAW: (a) calorimeter; (b) layer of temperature gradient. Reprinted from Giedt et al. (4). Courtesy of American Welding Society.
