By R Abbaschian; Lara Abbaschian; Robert E Reed-Hill
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The rotation that the (110) pole undergoes is shown, however, in Fig. 29. By using simple examples, the two basic rotations that can be made when the Wulff net is used have been pointed out here. All possible rotations of a crystal in three dimensions can be duplicated by using these rotations on a stereographic projection. 17 STANDARD PROJECTIONS A stereographic projection, in which a prominent crystallographic direction or pole of an important plane lies at the center of the projection, is known as a standard stereographic projection.
The indices of this direction are, accordingly [21 10]. This unwieldy method of obtaining the direction indices is necessary in order that the relationship mentioned above be maintained between the first two digits and the third. The corresponding indices of the a2 and a3 axes are [1210] and [1 120]. These three directions are known as the digonal axes of Type I. Another important set of directions lying in the basal plane are the digonal axes of Type II; a set of axes perpendicular to the digonal axes of Type I.
Thinner foils, on the other hand, tend to be less useful in revealing the nature of the structure in the metal. Some instruments have been developed that operate at much higher voltages (of the order of a million volts), and in them the foils can be proportionally thicker. However, equipment costs are also much greater, and few of these instruments are available. A word should be said about the technique involved in preparing a foil specimen for examination in the transmission electron microscope (TEM).
