By Eric P. Widmaier, Hershel Raff, Kevin T. Strang, Eric Widmaier
The 9th version of this vintage textual content has been entrusted into the able fingers of a dynamic new writer staff. Eric Widmaier, Hershel Raff, and Kevin Strang have taken at the problem of preserving the strengths and attractiveness that experience lengthy been the hallmark of Human body structure: The Mechanisms of physique functionality. the basic objective of this textbook has remained undeniably an identical: to provide the rules and proof of human body structure in a structure that's appropriate for undergraduates despite educational history or box of research. Human body structure, 9th version, incorporates at the culture of readability and accuracy, whereas refining and updating the content material to fulfill the desires of brand new teachers and scholars. The 9th variation encompasses a streamlined, clinically orientated concentration to the examine of human physique platforms. Widmaier is taken into account larger point than Human body structure by means of Stuart Fox. because of its elevated emphasis at the mechanisms of physique services.
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Extra resources for MP: Vander et al's Human Physiology
Sample text
Ions that have a net positive charge are called cations, while those that have a net negative charge are called anions. Because of their ability to conduct electricity when dissolved in water, the ionic forms of the seven mineral elements are collectively referred to as electrolytes. The process of ion formation, known as ionization, can occur in single atoms or in atoms that are covalently linked in molecules. Within molecules two commonly encountered groups of atoms that undergo ionization are the carboxyl group (OCOOH) and the amino group (ONH2).
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportions represented by the general formula Cn(H2O)n, where n is any whole number. It is from this formula that the class of molecules gets its name, carbohydrate—water-containing (hydrated) carbon atoms. Linked to most of the carbon atoms in a carbohydrate are a hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group: H C OH It is the presence of numerous hydroxyl groups that makes carbohydrates readily soluble in water. 33 Widmaier−Raff−Strang−Erskine: Human Physiology, Ninth Edition 34 CHAPTER TWO 2.
Com/widmaier9 hydrogen ion concentration, the greater the acidity. The hydrogen ion concentration is often expressed in terms of the pH of a solution, which is defined as the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration. The brackets around the symbol for the hydrogen ion in the following formula indicate concentration: pH ϭ Ϫlog [Hϩ] Thus, a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 10Ϫ7 mol/L has a pH of 7, whereas a more acidic solution with a higher Hϩ concentration of 10Ϫ6 mol/L has a lower pH of 6.
