Read or Download Metallurgy Research - Quarterly Prog Rpt [Jan-Mar 1956] [Declassified] PDF
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Extra info for Metallurgy Research - Quarterly Prog Rpt [Jan-Mar 1956] [Declassified]
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22 Santiago 28 ExtractiveMetallurgy of Copper The average grade of ore being extracted from any given mine is determined by the 'cut-off' grade (% Cu) which separates 'ore' from 'waste'. Material with less than the 'cut-off' grade (when combined with all the ore being extracted) cannot be profitably treated for copper recovery. It is 'waste'. It is sent to waste dumps rather than to concentrating or leaching. 'Cut-off' grade depends on mining and extraction costs and copper selling price. If, for example, copper price rises and costs are constant, it may become profitable to treat lower grade m a t e r i a l - in which case 'cut-off' grade (and average ore grade) decrease.
It entails: (a) crushing and grinding the ore to a size where its Cu mineral grains are divided from its non-Cu-mineral grains (b) physical separation of Cu minerals from non-Cu minerals by froth flotation to form Cu rich concentrate and Cu barren 'tailing'. Fig. 1 shows a typical concentrator flowsheet with the above steps. 3 give industrial data. Copper concentrators typically treat 10 000 to 100 000 tonnes of ore per day, depending on the rate their mines produce ore. u'x'~XN~ rusher ~~. 05% Cu) Oversize (+150 ~m) Fig.
Overloading might become a problem if, for example, Concentrating Copper Ores 41 the ball mill receives tough, large particles which require extensive grinding to achieve the small particle size needed by flotation. The simplest mass flow control scheme is to use hydrocyclone sump pulp level to adjust ore feed rate to the grinding plant. If, for example, pulp level sensor (L) detects that the pulp level is rising (due to tougher ore and more hydrocyclone recycle), it automatically slows the plant's input ore feed conveyor.
