By Jean-Luc Autran
This publication addresses smooth mistakes in electronic built-in circuits subjected to the terrestrial normal radiation atmosphere. It information the actual mechanisms on the beginning of sentimental mistakes and explains easy methods to realize, represent, and simulate those phenomena in digital circuits.
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Extra resources for Soft errors : from particles to circuits
Example text
Single Event Phenomena. Dordrecht: Springer. , et al. 1996. Field testing for cosmic ray soft errors in semiconductor memories. IBM Journal of Research and Development 40:41–50. L. 2013. A brief history of the NSREC. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 60:1668–1673. E. 2013. The single event revolution. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 60:1824–1835. C. T. 1978. Cosmic ray induced errors in MOS memory cell. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science NS-30:1166–1171. Slayman, C. 2010. Soft errors—Past history and recent discoveries.
Measurement and reporting of alpha particle and terrestrial cosmic ray-induced soft errors in semiconductor devices, JEDEC Standard JESD89A, October 2006. pdf. C. 1979. Simulation of cosmic ray induced soft errors and latchup in integrated circuit computer memories. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science NS-26:5087–5091. C. H. 1978. A new physical mechanism for soft errors in dynamic memories. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium, pp. 33–40. April, San Diego, CA: IEEE.
They are mainly protons (hydrogen nuclei, 90%), with about 9% helium nuclei and smaller abundances (1%) of heavier elements (Valkovic 2000). 2. This curve is known as the all-particle spectrum. At low energies (typically below ~30 GeV), the spectral shape bends down, as a result of the modulation imposed by the presence of a magnetized wind originating from the sun, which inhibits very-low-energy particles from reaching the inner solar system (Blasi 2013). 1. There is evidence that the chemical composition of CRs changes across the knee region, with a trend to becoming increasingly dominated by heavy nuclei at high energy, at least up to about 1017 eV.
