By Margaret M. Stark
Over the last decade there were huge, immense advancements within the perform of forensic medicine-the department of drugs regarding an interplay among legislations, the judiciary and police-and this instruction manual was once constructed to clarify the scientific elements of forensic medication. vital chapters disguise every thing from the elemental ideas relating to consent, confidentiality and court docket experiences, by means of precise descriptions of significant concerns in forensic perform together with the forensic overview of complainants and suspects of sexual attacks; the outline and recording of accidents; the avoidance of loss of life in police custody and the overview of health for detention; custodial interrogation and criteria of perform; and critical practice-oriented chapters for dealing with intoxicated sufferers. Supported with quite a few appendices that conceal every little thing from alcohol evaluate questionnaires to the administration of head accidents, this publication will function a worthwhile reference for physicians and nurses in forensic settings in addition to different healthcare pros together with emergency physicians, police surgeons, pediatricians, gynecologists and psychiatric nurses who will, every now and then, discover a desire for the knowledge supplied during this publication.
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Extra resources for Physician's Guide to Clinical Forensic Medicine
Example text
As DNA is physically much more resistant to degradation than proteins it is even possible to analyze degraded samples (13). When DNA profiling was first applied to forensic science, relatively large amounts of nucleated material were required. However, the use of PCR technology has enabled much smaller amounts of material to be analyzed. Recently, analysis of mitochondrial DNA has been used in forensic casework. This new technique examines the DNA contained within mitochondria and obviates the need for nuclear material.
When adults are examined, only relevant medical and sexual history should be sought since confidentiality cannot be guaranteed. What constitutes relevant medical history will need to be determined on a case by case basis by taking into account the differential causes for any medical findings and the persistence data for the different sexual acts (see below). Suspects should be reminded of their legal rights before they are questioned regarding relevant medical or sexual history. 1รข General Examination In all cases a complete general medical examination should be conducted to document injuries and to note any disease that may affect the interpretation of the medical findings.
Since mitochondrial DNA is only passed from mother to child (unlike nuclear DNA there is no contribution from the father), all the descendants along the maternal line will have the same mitochondrial DNA. At present, the technique is best suited to discrete samples, such as hairs without roots and fecal material, and is not ideal for mixtures of body fluids, particularly when the complainant's body fluid is likely to be present in larger quantities than that of the assailant (14). Therefore, in sexual offenses the selection of material to be analyzed by this technique needs to be carefully considered.
