By Steven J. Zaloga
Immortalized through the motion picture A Bridge Too some distance, the parachute landings of the 82nd and a hundred and first Airborne Divisions have been the 1st a part of an Allied leap forward test. within the overdue summer time of 1944, the 1st Allied Airborne military started to plan a fancy operation to grab a Rhine River Bridge at Arnhem within the Netherlands. The airborne challenge used to be code-named Operation industry, and the floor attack used to be detailed backyard. the yank section of Operation marketplace used to be to hire the 2 divisions of Gen. Matthew Ridgway's US XVIII Airborne Corps to grab key terrain gains that will another way hold up the improvement of British tank columns in the direction of the final word goal of the Rhine bridge at Arnhem. The plan expected touchdown the U.S. a hundred and first Airborne department close to Eindhoven to transparent a direction for the improvement of the armored divisions of the British XXX Corps, and to land the 82nd Airborne department round Nijmegen to grab the Waal river bridges there. In view of the issues skilled in Normandy with evening landings, Operation industry was once scheduled to occur at the afternoon of September seventeenth, 1944, with an difficult tactical air plan to suppress German flak positions.
The preliminary one hundred and first Airborne department carried out its mixed parachute/glider landings at the afternoon of September seventeenth, 1944, utilizing its 3 Parachute Infantry Regiments (PIR). The 82nd Airborne department was once dropped extra northeast with its 3 regiments having separate assignments. total, the 1st day's operation used to be a substantial luck in comparison to the Normandy drops. The Wehrmacht didn't count on the airborne assault so resistance at the first day was once mild. The combating intensified dramatically over the following numerous days because the Germans tried to stamp out the landings, attacking the Allied forces on either side of the salient.
The one hundred and first Airborne department pressed south in the direction of Eindhoven at the morning of September 18th, whereas the British Guards Armoured department pressed north. The paratroopers captured town via early afternoon and associated up with the British tanks within the night. After fast bridging the Wilhelmina canal at nighttime, the Guards Armored department crossed round sunrise on September nineteenth and raced as much as the 82nd Airborne department region by means of 0820. mixed British and American assaults to grab the important Nijmegen bridge have been repulsed via September nineteenth as a result of arrival of components of the 10.SS-Panzer department from the Arnhem region. yet in a daring movement, the 82nd Airborne outflanked the defenses at the afternoon of September twentieth by utilizing boats to go a mile downstream from the bridge. final minute German makes an attempt to detonate the bridge failed, and British tanks have been streaming over the bridge that evening, heading for Arnhem.
Nevertheless, the delays attributable to the preliminary protection at Eindhoven, the necessity to construct a bridge at Son, and the battling for the bridge at Nijmegen slowed the improvement by means of XXX Corps and placed it not on time. German resistance opposed to the first Airborne department in Arnhem used to be some distance fiercer than expected as a result of the unforeseen presence of 2 Waffen-SS panzer divisions refitting within the region. The positions of the British 1st Airborne department at Arnhem proved untenable and permission to withdraw was once given on September twenty fifth with the motion occurring at the evening of September 25-26th.
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Additional info for Operation Market-Garden 1944 (1): The American Airborne Missions (Campaign, Volume 270)
Example text
Brian Urquhart, was concerned by the reports of German Panzer units and ordered a photoreconnaissance mission near Arnhem that took place on September 15. The few photos showing tanks were dismissed as irrelevant by Browning and others; the existing evaluations acknowledged the presence of 50–100 tanks in the Netherlands but assessed that they were not part of a coherent force. The September 16 SHAEF weekly intelligence summary concluded that the 9. SS-Panzer-Division and 10. SS-Panzer-Division were in the Netherlands for rebuilding; another intercept identified Oosterbeek as the location of Model’s Heeresgruppe B headquarters.
14 Around 1855hrs, Column B is ordered to begin final push on south end of the bridge. The first British Sherman tank arrives on north side of the bridge around 1915hrs, and by 2000hrs there is a strong force over the river including several tanks. tanks. 15 Co. C proceeds westward after landing to set up a defensive perimeter along the dike road on the Oosterhout flood plain. 16 With the arrival of Co. B, 1/504th PIR, the elements of the 3/504th on the bridge including Cook and Kappel head to the highway bridge where the 2nd and 3rd Platoons, Co.
The German defenses were too substantial to be overcome by a single company, and Co. G was forced back. It was eventually ordered to return to Berg-en-Dal in the afternoon, so ending the first half-hearted attempts to seize the bridge. com THE DEMOLITION OF THE NIJMEGEN BRIDGES One of the mysteries of Market-Garden was why the Germans did not blow-up the bridges to prevent their capture by the Allies. The Nijmegen highway bridge had been configured for demolition almost from the time of its construction, with the Dutch army having an electrical detonation circuit built into the bridge, and connected to neighboring bunker on the north side of the bridge.
