By Ian Ousby
Publish yr note: First released in 1998
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France used to be gradual and a little ineffectual in organizing resistance stream. In profession Ian Ousby demanding situations the parable that France was once liberated " by means of the complete of France." the writer explores the Nazi profession of France with amazing aspect and eyewitness money owed that variety from well-known figures like Simone de Beauvoir, Charles de Gaulle, Andre Gide, Jean-Paul Sartre and Gertrude Stein to dull electorate, forgotten heroes and traitors.
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Extra info for Occupation: The Ordeal of France 1940-1944
Example text
The passive shelters – barracks, observation posts and combat shelters – were also dispersed to make them more difficult to strike, and to fulfil their functions as troop shelters and combat support for the armoured batteries and infantry works. Command and control was assured by a system of observation and redundant communications. Observatories were placed on the high points of the fort in armoured cupolas equipped with the latest optical equipment – binoculars, periscopes and telemetry scopes.
Existing fortifications could no longer give the batteries sufficient overhead protection to permit them to survive against artillery combat with mobile field artillery. Major Schumann, in his treatise Die Bedeutung drehbarer Geschützpanzer “Panzerlaffeten”, written at the Krupp proving grounds at Magdeburg in 1884, proposed the use of armoured batteries with steel turrets to protect the guns and crew. A radical reform of permanent fortifications was needed. Schumann argued that the way to obtain the desired results was the employment of guns in rotating armoured turrets in place of fixed guns behind ramparts.
Troops manned the picket shelters, blockhouses and counterscarp casemates at all times. While they didn’t stand all day in front of an embrasure with rifle at the ready, since there would be ample time to move to that position in case of alarm, they stayed in the vicinity of their post, ready to respond to any warning. The daily routine was tedious, mostly consisting of sitting and waiting. If the troops were lucky, the commander would give them practice drills and alerts, and based on the written record, this was done quite often in the Imperial Army.
