By Professor Bipin K. Agarwal Ph.D. (auth.)
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Additional resources for X-Ray Spectroscopy: An Introduction
Example text
These corrected curves then can be compared with the theory. The main corrections are: incomplete absorption in the detector; absorption in detector window, the atmosphere, the X-ray tube wall, and the target itself; reflectivity of the crystal analyzer; and removal of effects of order higher than the first. 124), C2 Itot{v) Itot{A) = A = cAci(c \-AAm,inn +az) ml Q,! 28a) fairly well. 136). The value of Amin (or vmax ) corresponds to the maximum energy that an electron can emit in a single collision.
In an X-ray tube, the distance between the filament and the target is of the order of a cm and V.... 20 kV. Therefore, radiation loss is negligible compared to the energy gain of the electron accelerated in the direction of and by the electric field eV. In the target, owing to rapid deceleration in collisions, dE/dx has a large value, which increases with Z. For circular accelerators, like the synchrotron, the radiation loss is greater. 7]. 15 Frequency Spectrum of Continuous X-Rays The radiated energy is spread over a range of frequencies.
They also give the quasi-classical relativistic theory of bremsstrahlung. 34] and other recent books on the subject. To iilustrate the type of results obtained in quantum mechanics, we present here a simple nonrelativistic perturbation calculation based on the Born approximation. We consider the dipole radiation during collision of two particles having different e/m values. :2' The matrix element is 1 .. -Ef)]X ' because in quantum mechanics (vx)n'n p P =-ioox, .. 2 tit; __ jI 1 pp and simi larly (x)E 'e = -00 xe 'e' where 00 = (Ei-Ef)/~ =(~_E'2)/21l' wi'Eh E= IlY, -~' = IlY' as the momenta of relative motion 4 • 4" = h/211 (normal i zed Pl anck' s constant).
