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Toxicological profiles - Benzene

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The most common compound-related histological findings in mice occurred at 300 ppm and included myeloid hypoplasia of the bone marrow and increased extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen. Lesions were present at early sacrifice time points and were detected throughout the study, increasing in severity and incidence with time. The effects were present more often in males than in females and were more severe in males. The only significant change in rats exposed to 300 ppm was a decreased leukocyte count that was first noted in males at day 14 and in females at day 91.

A morbidity study of 282 workers in a chemical factory reported that 10 persons who were exposed to over 25 ppm of benzene in the workplace for an average of 9 years (range 3–29 years) had an increased mean corpuscular volume at the end of the high exposure period (1963), but normal values 11 years later (1974) (Fishbeck et al. 1978). Further study of these 282 workers revealed slight decreases in erythrocyte counts that were not correlated with levels of benzene exposure (2–35 ppm) or with duration of employment (1 month to over 20 years) (Townsend et al.

When benzene concentrations in factories decreased in later years, less severe effects were seen. 8 years) to benzenecontaining solvents and thinners (Aksoy et al. 1987). The decrease in benzene content of materials used in these workshops and the corresponding reduction in air concentration (most samples <1 ppm) paralleled the decrease in the number of hematological abnormalities reported for benzene-exposed workers. Mild hematological abnormalities were noted in 14 workers including leukopenia in 9, thrombocytopenia in 4, and pancytopenia in 1.

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