By Joseph R. Lakowicz
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Extra info for Topics in Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Techniques
Sample text
To a large extent, the performance of such systems depends on that of components which are not specifically designed for this application, though this is changing as manufacturers recognize the growing interest in fluorescence lifetime studies. Not surprisingly, there is some diversity of opinion as to the optimum choice of detector, monochromator, pulsed source, etc. Unfortunately, the ideal concept of maximizing the performance-to-price ratio does not always lend itself to objective comparisons.
Subsequent work generally agreed with these findings. (92–94) There can be no doubt that such side-window photomultipliers are faster by a factor of than presently available linear focused photomultipliers. (93) have reported an overall instrumental response of 112ps for the R928. However, in order to obtain the fastest pulses, it is necessary to irradiate only a very small area of the photocathode (Kinoshita and Kushida used an area of This considerably restricts the sensitivity of the measurements to a level which can only really be tolerated when using modelocked laser excitation.
This has the effect of reducing the area of collection of photoelectrons by approximately an order of magnitude. Most of the detected noise in photomultipliers is due to thermionic emission of Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting 43 44 David J. S. Birch and Robert E. Imhof Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting 45 single photoelectrons from the photocathode, which is thus reduced by the same factor as the area. The active photocathode area remaining of diameter is still ample to ensure only slight loss in sensitivity provided focusing optics are used.
