By Ruerd Ruben, John Pender, Arie Kuyvenhoven
The nineteen chapters integrated during this ebook offer an summary of study performed in the framework of the collaborative study programme on 'Regional nutrition defense guidelines for typical source administration and Sustainable Economies' (RESPONSE). The programme aimed to spot strategic recommendations for agricultural and rural improvement in less-favoured parts and coverage tools than improve rural household's investments in more suitable and sustainable traditional source administration. throughout the examine of less-favoured components in Africa, Latin the USA and Southeast Asia, improvement pathways taking into account the cautious adjustment of source use recommendations on the box, farm-household and village degrees are explored. The booklet comprises 5 sections below the subsequent headings: (i) improvement suggestions for bad humans in less-favoured parts; (ii) source administration innovations; (iii) livelihoods and meals safeguard; (iv) markets and institutional improvement; and (v) thoughts and coverage priorities. this article is meant for researchers and scholars in addition to coverage makers and economists. The e-book has an issue index. on hand In Print
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Example text
2001b, e). Access to off-farm employment has theoretically ambiguous impacts on farmers’ investments in soil and water conservation (SWC) measures: it can reduce investment by increasing the opportunity cost of labour but can increase it by increasing farmers’ ability to finance labour and other costs. The findings of Pender and Kerr (1998) for a village in semi-arid India and of Clay et al. (1998) for Rwanda support the argument that offfarm activities increase SWC investment. e. by reducing the intensity of agricultural production.
2006a, b). , 2006b). Sustainable Poverty Reduction in Less-favoured Areas 29 Household-level factors, particularly human capital, also influence livelihood strategies. , 2004). Gender also is a very important determinant of livelihood strategies. In Ethiopia, for example, female-headed households are prevented by a cultural taboo from using oxen, which limits their ability to farm, and often results in such households sharecropping out their land (Benin, 2006; Pender and Gebremedhin, 2006; Tesfaye, Chapter 7, this volume).
To generate a marketable surplus, staple food production may be least demanding of market access (and productivity), but conventional cash crops will certainly be more demanding of both. The third and probably most common type of pathway is characterized by more incremental technical, institutional and infrastructure investment and is positioned between the two other types. It most likely describes the potential for gradual livelihood improvements in many LFAs without creating major surpluses, but the development of horticultural crops for local and international markets is likely to fit this pathway as well, although conditional on substantial market access and marketing effort.
