By Robert Elgie
Semi-Presidentialism is the time period used to explain the constitutional association the place there's a at once elected president and a prime-minister who's liable to parliament. This e-book examines the politics of semi-presidentialism and explores why doubtless related political structures function in such alternative ways. It reports the constitutional powers of political leaders and the position of political events.
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Example text
Alternatively, Jonas could have insisted on the formation of a majority cabinet. This, in turn, would have required further negotiations between the SPO and OVP—the only coalition not ruled out by precommitments. It fits with the dominant pattern of presidential noninterference in the party-political game that Jonas refrained from doing so. By appointing the Kreisky I cabinet, president Jonas ratified the tacit consensus between the SPO and FPO. It allowed the minority government to survive and indeed to pass major legislation.
The threat of violence, as upheld by the Heimwehren throughout the constitutional reform process, made the Social Democrats (whose votes were required for a two-thirds majority in parliament) willing to compromise (Berchtold 1978; Matzka 1985). The 1929 constitutional reform introduced the direct election of the president and gave him the powers to appoint and dismiss the government and to dissolve parliament. Although these are important powers, this compromise left many demands of the political right unfulfilled.
13 The nature of the parliamentary majority can take a number of forms. The first case concerns the situation where there is an absolute parliamentary majority. Here, various scenarios present themselves. On occasions there may be a monolithic majority, implying that a single party The Politics of Semi-Presidentialism 19 enjoys a majority of seats in the legislature. On other occasions there may be a coalition majority with one dominant party, meaning that the position of the dominant party is strong but less so than in the previous situation.
