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Seafood Enzymes: Utilization and Influence on Postharvest by Norman F. Haard, Benjamin K. Simpson

By Norman F. Haard, Benjamin K. Simpson

''Reviews particular enzymes and enzyme teams studied lately, delves into the connection among enzymes and seafood caliber, covers the appliance of enzymes as seafood processing aids, and makes a speciality of the restoration of important enzymes as by-products from seafood waste. info the regulate of enzyme task in seafood products.''

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Changes in acid phosphatase activity in a freshwater teleost, Cyprinus carpio when treated with vegetable oil factory effluent. Uttar Pradesh J Zool 13:160–162, 1993. V Karan, S Vitorovic, V Tutundzic, V Poleksic. Functional enzymes activity and gill histology of carp after copper sulfate exposure and recovery. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 40:49–55, 1998. R Kuroshima, A Kakuna, J Koyama. Effects of triphenyltin on the potential activities of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen of red sea bream. Nippon Suisan Gakk 63: 85–89, 1997.

Phosphofructokinase binding is a key mechanism to control glycolysis in muscle tissue. Exhaustive exercise of goldfish leads to much higher levels of PFK binding in muscle of warm- than in cold-acclimated fish (64). Exercise-trained leopard shark exhibit a 36 % increase in the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase and a 34 % increase in white fiber diameter (65). It is not clear whether the changes in enzyme activity reflect the higher growth rates or the increased energetic demands of the training activity.

Pancreatic amylase and trypsin synthesis is similar in larvae fed artemia or compound diet. However, pancreatic secretion is lower in the group fed compound diet. A marked decrease in cytosolic leucine–alanine peptidase and concurrent increase in this enzyme in the brush border occurs similarly in both groups. It was concluded that low enzyme production does not explain the poor growth of larvae fed compound diet compared to those fed artemia. F. Other Dietary Factors Influencing Enzymes 1. Antioxidant Vitamins The concentration of tissue antioxidants such as vitamins A, E, and K, and carotenoids (presumably of diet origin) is correlated with the activities of the prooxidant enzyme lipoxygenase and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) in muscle and liver of several species of fish (15).

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