By J.B. West
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Sample text
B. Is released in the transition from placental to air respiration. 48 49 C. Involves CO2 uptake in vascular smooth muscle. D. Partly diverts blood flow from well-ventilated regions of diseased lungs. E. Is increased by inhaling low concentrations of nitric oxide. 9. If the pressures in the capillaries and interstitial space at the top of the lung are 3 and 0 mm Hg, respectively, and the colloid osmotic pressures of the blood and interstitial fluid are 25 and 5 mm Hg, respectively, what is the net pressure in mm Hg moving fluid into the capillaries?
Now the O2 and CO2 of alveolar gas and end-capillary blood must be the same as those of mixed venous blood. ) Note that we are assuming that what happens in one lung unit out of a very large number does not affect the composition of the mixed venous blood. * The alveolar gas equation is not applicable here because the respiratory exchange ratio is not constant. The appropriate equation is This is called the ventilation-perfusion ratio equation. Suppose instead that the ventilation-perfusion ratio is increased by gradually obstructing blood flow (Figure 5-6C).
The pulmonary circulation begins at the main pulmonary artery, which receives the mixed venous blood pumped by the right ventricle. This artery then branches successively like the system of airways (Figure 1-3), and, indeed, the pulmonary arteries accompany the airways as far as the terminal bronchioles. 36 (Figures 1-6 and 1-7). The pulmonary capillaries form a dense network in the alveolar wall that makes an exceedingly efficient arrangement for gas exchange (1-1, 1-6, and 1-7). So rich is the mesh that some physiologists feel that it is misleading to talk of a network of individual capillary segments and prefer to regard the capillary bed as a sheet of flowing blood interrupted in places by posts (Figure 1-6), rather like an underground parking garage.
