By Fyodor Dostoyevsky
En 1849, Dostoïevski est condamné au bagne pour ses idées. Déporté au sud-ouest de l. a. Sibérie, dans l. a. forteresse d’Omsk, où il passe cinq ans, il y côtoie des criminels et des hommes du peuple, des voleurs aussi bien que des condamnés politiques. De cette expérience douloureuse, où l’impossibilité d’être seul rivalise en cruauté avec les sévices et le travail forcé, l’auteur tire les Récits de l. a. maison des morts.
Dans ce roman largement autobiographique, qu’il fait passer pour des notes retrouvées chez un ancien forçat, Goriantchikov, Dostoïevski déploie une galerie de pics où sont anticipés les personnages les plus marquants de ses œuvres majeures. Son humanisme et son sens de l’observation font de ces récits consacrés au système pénitentiaire du temps des tsars un témoignage de première significance sur l’expérience concentrationnaire.
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Example text
In response to antislavery criticism, Southerners passionately defended the institution of slavery in such works as George Fitzhugh's Sociologr for the South (1854) and Caroline Lee Hentz's The Planter's Northern Bride (1854), one of several anti-Uncle Tom's Cabin novels published during the 1850s. John Brown's violent raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, a failed effort to initiate a slave rebellion in the South, drew eloquent defenses from Emerson, Thoreau, Douglass, Stowe, and Child, though most in the North and across the country condemned Brown as a radical who threatened to bring the nation into a bloody civil war.
Douglass's "The Heroic Slave" and Melville's "Benito Cereno" are two compelling examples of works that look beyond the southern borders of the United States. Whitman also had a capacious hemispheric perspective on the Americas, and in the twentieth century he would find some of his most enthusiastic readers in Chile, Argentina, and Mexico. As far as literary matters are concerned, all of the writers in this anthology were interested in much more than the contemporary. A glance at the footnotes in this volume will reveal the enormous influence of classics from ancient Greece and Rome, Greek and Roman myth, Indian and Asian religions (which is especially true for Thoreau), the English Renaissance (especially Shakespeare), Milton, English and German Romantics, the Bible, and a range of popular and classic literature from Scandinavian and numerous other countries.
Poe published stories and sketches in these journals, as did many women writers. The Lady's Book, in fact, though published by Louis A. 46. 12 AMERICAN LITERATURE 1820-1865 for some forty years by the novelist and essayist Sarah J. Hale, whose editorial role in one of the major journals of the day points to the key place of women in the antebellum literary marketplace. Despite traditional notions that imaginative literature and creative writing could be especially harmful to women by inflaming their imaginations and undermining their moral place in the private domain of the home, women found ways to enter the literary marketplace.
