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Procedural Politics: Issues, Influence, and Institutional by Joseph Jupille

By Joseph Jupille

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I turn now to consider these factors, which collectively define the incentives for engaging in everyday politics with respect to rules. Alternatives and Influence. The most straightforward element of this benefit-cost calculation concerns the opportunity cost of accepting (acting within) rules, defined as procedural political benefits forgone and measured as the influence difference for any given actor between proposed procedures and available alternatives. Where alternatives are equal in this respect – in other words, where alternative rules make no difference in terms of an actor’s influence over outcomes – this opportunity cost is zero and procedural politics is not incited.

Legislative proposals (or laws, or issues, or whatever) A and B each fall within a single jurisdiction, producing no ambiguity and little likelihood of a dispute over the applicable rule. Proposal C, by contrast, which might represent a legislative proposal to create a road toll, inhabits the jurisdictionally ambiguous space falling within both taxation and transportation jurisdictions. Here, ambiguity is high and procedural politics (akin to King’s [1997] “turf wars”) become increasingly likely.

Such beliefs and preferences “can transform preferences over policies into preferences over institutions” (Tsebelis 1990, 98). By extension, as actors’ preferences over outcomes diverge, so too will their derived preferences over institutions. Where this is the case, the likelihood of conflicts over institutions increases. “The most important implication of the idea of derived institutional preferences,” Bawn argues, “is that there will be disagreement about the choice of institutions whenever there is disagreement about the policies those institutions will produce” (Bawn 1993, 966).

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