By Leonard Weinberg
This e-book is the definitive advisor to the topical factor of the connection among political events that embody the democratic procedure and terrorist teams which eschew the criminal and procedural strictures of democracy.
The totally revised variation keeps to supply the main specific theoretical and empirical research of this arguable factor, highlighting the fluid nature of obstacles among terrorist corporation and legit political get together. Drawing on an unlimited array of information, the authors learn lots of foreign case reports from Italy, Spain, Lebanon, Turkey, Iran, Israel, Palestine, Peru, Argentina, Japan and northern eire.
By incorporating significant new fabric on ETA, Hizbollah and Hamas, this ebook keeps its place on the leading edge of the global political dialogue on terrorism, and remains to be crucial studying for all scholars, lecturers and readers with an curiosity in defense experiences, terrorism and political violence
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Extra info for Political Parties and Terrorist Groups (Routledge Studies in Extremism and Democracy)
Example text
First, established parties may become directly or indirectly involved in the promotion of violence. Depending upon a variety of circumstances, the already established party apparatus may itself launch a terrorist campaign. Or a division of labor and specialization of function may develop and a party sub-unit may be formed for the sole purpose of conducting terrorist operations. The ability of party leaders to achieve “plausible deniability” when the need arises may also affect the decision to create a sub-unit or not.
2 displays the formation of terrorist organizations by decade for each continent. 2 also makes visible the fact that the majority of terrorist groups were, indeed, formed in Europe, and that the early 1970s seems to have been the most active period in this process. No group was formed for three decades during the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. The political history of the continent provides the explanation. Europe, like no other continent, was affected by the events of the two world wars. 2 Emergence of terrorist groups connected to political parties by continent/region and decade (N = 104) North South Europe Asia America America 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Total 1 Africa Middle Total East 1 1 2 3 1 3 8 3 17 10 4 2 16 3 5 14 6 29 1 2 11 5 1 1 19 5 1 3 4 8 18 2 3 3 1 4 23 42 24 2 104 (a regular pre-requisite for the formation of terrorism) also resulted in major population loss – especially of able bodied men.
21 In Angola, for example, Jonas Savimbi’s UNITA movement, after waging a protracted internal war including a variety of terrorist attacks against the government, agreed to peace in 1991 and a United Nations’ supervised election. UNITA, acting like a political party, selected candidates for office and campaigned on their behalf. National elections took place, but Savimbi and his followers did not fare as well as they had expected. They refused to accept the results and quickly returned to the armed struggle.
