By Raphael Pinaud, Liisa A. Tremere, Peter de Weerd
Mechanisms of neural plasticity allow the encoding and memorization of knowledge in response to sensory inputs and will be harnessed to partly fix functionality after CNS attack similar to stroke or head trauma. within the current e-book, specialists from the sector of visible approach plasticity describe and evaluation the proof for neural mechanisms proposed to underlie CNS plasticity within the significant divisions of the mind devoted to visible processing, the retina, sub-cortical buildings and cortex. We current reviews from a large choice of disciplines that diversity from molecular biology to neurophysiology and computing device modeling. top investigators talk about their very own paintings, and combine this learn with colleagues from different specializations. The e-book issues out destiny functions for this examine together with scientific makes use of and engineering in the biomedical sciences. This ebook is a thrilling and concept upsetting learn for all degrees of technological know-how fanatic drawn to the actual foundation of studying and cognition.
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Extra info for Plasticity in the Visual System: From Genes to Circuits
Sample text
1. , 2000). , 2002), the secondary loss of cones falls into the indirect or “bystander” category, where cell death is activated and/or accelerated by a range of candidate processes such as 3. , 1999). The early phases of neuronal remodeling are manifest as changes in synaptic relations, as seen most dramatically in rod-based diseases. , 2000). , 2003). This implies that the early loss of scotopic sensitivity characteristic of retinitis pigmentosa is likely a defect of synaptic signaling, and that photoreceptor death occurs much later.
Opl, outer plexiform layer; onl, outer nuclear layer; os, outer segment layer; rpe, retinal pigmented epithelium. , 2002a, b, 2003). Mechanisms producing structural plasticity in photoreceptors Calcium Because the plasticity described for rod and cone terminals is different, a key assumption that can be made about the mechanisms of structural plasticity is that they differ between the two sensory receptor types. A known difference 20 Ellen Townes-Anderson and Nan Zhang between cone and rod terminals is the population of calcium channels that are present at the presynaptic active zone.
Future Directions The effects of structural plasticity at the rod and cone terminal on visual processing are not known. However, it is difficult to imagine that sprouting and differentiation of new neurites as well as retraction will not change retinal processing. , 1999), although the precise cause of these changes is not yet clear. To preserve normal vision it may be necessary to prevent plasticity in diseases and after retinal injury. Knowing the intrinsic and external stimuli for synaptic change will make it possible to develop strategies to preserve stability.