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Party Elites In Divided Societies: Political Parties in by Kurt Luther

By Kurt Luther

Operating from the root of Arend Lijphart's 1968 paintings on divided societies, the authors cross directly to examine such cultures and subcultures thirty years on, bringing in new proof and research to endure at the factor. in addition they study the fundamental position of celebration politics inside and among those ^D

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Extra info for Party Elites In Divided Societies: Political Parties in Consociational Democracy (Routledge Ecpr Studies in European Political Science, 7)

Sample text

The oligarchic principle (3c) can be regarded as both a cause and a consequence of the deferential, subject political culture commonly associated with consociational democracies (Lijphart 1968b:144–62). Organisational oligarchy is also encouraged by structural factors, such as the aforementioned dependence of party and auxiliary association functionaries upon the bureaucratic hierarchies of their respective organisations. Together, such attitudinal and structural factors could result in the disciplined nature of subcultural organisations, their tendency for centralised decision making and the pre-eminence within them of what Panebianco (1988:30–2) terms ‘horizontal’, as opposed to ‘vertical’ power games.

Instead, Pennings proposes the use of noninstitutional indicators such as policy distance between parties, or electoral volatility. He shows how the use of such additional indicators not only provides a fuller picture of what is happening, but also helps one identify and capture change. Inasmuch as Pennings strongly defends the inclusion of forms of party competition and co-operation into the analysis of consociational democracy, he supports this volume’s plea for a party-orientated approach. In Part II, the comparative framework outlined in this chapter is applied to five country studies.

The figures suggest that the structure and format of the party systems determine these conditions. But consociationalism is of course a more encompassing phenomenon. 1, is the mechanics of interaction between the main political and societal actors. In this sense, it is not just the number of actors that matter, but the various ways these actors are playing the consociational game and the extent to which they dominate the party system. This aspect will get more attention in the next section. Party-related indicators of change The institutional conditions for consociationalism have not changed radically in the post-war period if, and only if, we accept the predominantly institutional and thus inherently static operationalisations proposed by Lijphart.

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