By Norbert Elliot
A) worry and Trembling? (B) surprise and Awe? Which set of statements most sensible describes the feelings surrounding the overview of writing skill in academic settings? This book-the first historic examine of its kind-begins with Harvard University's 1874 requirement that first-year pupil candidates put up a quick composition as a part of the admissions strategy; the ebook concludes with the varsity Board's 2005 requirement for an essay to be submitted as a part of the hot SAT(r): Reasoning attempt. meant for academics who needs to arrange scholars to publish their writing for formal evaluate, directors who needs to make severe judgements in response to attempt rankings, and coverage makers who needs to allocate assets in line with review structures, On a Scale presents a much-needed old and conceptual historical past to questions coming up from nationwide realization to pupil writing skill.
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Additional resources for On a Scale: A Social History of Writing Assessment in America
Sample text
When he recovered from his incredulity that I should presume to exercise any individual preference in the choice of a college, he made a most deathless Farrand remark. ’” (Newark Academy Archives, qtd. in Suzanne Geissler, A Widening Sphere of Usefulness: Newark Academy, 1744-1993 [West Kennebunk, ME: Phoenix Publishing, 1993] 181. Photo of Wilson Farrand by permission of Blackwood Parlin, Newark Academy) considered each other allies in the struggle for rational enforcement of uniform standards.
The idea of association—he would later term it connectionism—was a critical force in learning, he proposed. 109 Thorndike also had been trained at Columbia to use the new science of statistics. Whether it was the chicks and monkeys of his dissertation or the experiments in human mental function of his early papers, Thorndike relied on measures of association to establish the presence of a stimulus validated by its anticipated response. If context mattered in learning, then the method needed to assess the strength of an association within a context was to be found in the degree to which a stimulus, such as an examination, produced responses that correlated with the outcome, such as performance in English.
This place on the bell-shaped curve must be preserved, Galton argued, and in 1904 he offered a name for the new strategy in the American Journal of Sociology: EUGENICS is the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage. The improvement of the inborn qualities, or stock, of some one human population will alone be discussed here. What is meant by improvement? What by the syllable eu in “eugenics,” whose English equivalent is “good”?
