By Gianluca Gallo (auth.), Gianluca Gallo, Lorene M. Lanier (eds.)
Neurons are characterised through a fancy, dynamic and hugely polarized morphology. Actin and its regulatory proteins are the main ample set of proteins inside cells, and so they shape one of many significant cytoskeletal systems—the actin filament cytoskeleton. whereas a lot has been discovered in regards to the roles of the actin cytoskeleton in non-neuronal cells, our realizing of the total spectrum of the features of actin in neurons is way from whole. This publication is an creation to the interface among the actin cytoskeleton and the myriad of matters basic to the certainty of fearful method functionality. Neurobiology of Actin: From Neurulation to Synaptic Function opens with a bankruptcy that provides the basic strategies required to understand the main points of the molecular equipment that regulates actin in a mobile context, atmosphere the degree for the 1st a part of the e-book which studies the neurobiology of actin on the mobile point. the second one component to the e-book then discusses the features of actin within the context of neurobiological concerns starting from early improvement to synaptic functionality and ailment states of the worried process. this article is meant for neuroscientists attracted to investigating the actin cytoskeleton within the context in their specific neuroscience learn software, and its chapters are cross-referenced as a way to help readers find proper info that's lined in larger intensity in different chapters.
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Additional info for Neurobiology of Actin: From Neurulation to Synaptic Function
Sample text
ABPs that bind the barbed and pointed ends of actin filaments regulate the addition and loss of actin subunits. Several ABPs bind actin filaments and sever them, promoting the remodeling of actin filaments. In growth cones, actin filament barbed ends face the leading cell margin, where the addition of actin subunits is promoted by several ABPs. Myosins are motor molecules that move cargos along actin filaments. There are more than 10 myosins, which share a common motor activity but which differ in the direction they move cargos along filaments and in the cargos they move (Brown and Bridgman 2004).
Lebrand C, Dent EW, Strasser GA, Lanier LM, Krause M, Svitkina TM, Borisy GG, Gertler FB (2004) Critical role of Ena/VASP proteins for filopodia formation in neurons and in function downstream of netrin-1. Neuron 42:37–49. Leung KM, van Horck FP, Lin AC, Allison R, Standart N, Holt CE (2006) Asymmetrical betaactin mRNA translation in growth cones mediates attractive turning to netrin-1. Nat Neurosci 9:1247–1256. Lewis AK, Bridgman PC (1992) Nerve growth cone lamellipodia contain two populations of actin filaments that differ in organization and polarity.
However, eventually a filopodium or a lamellipodium thickens and moves away from the cell body, tethered by a cylindrical nascent neurite. A critical event in neurite formation is when microtubules and associated organelles enter and remain within a filopodial or lamellipodial protrusion, which then moves forward, ahead of the microtubules and organelles (da Silva and Dotti 2002). Several activities may prompt neurite initiation. An increased expression of MAPs, such as MAP2, tau, and MAP1B, may stabilize microtubules, enhancing their resistance to the myosin-based retrograde forces pulling actin back from the leading margin (Dehmelt and Halpain 2004).
