By Thomas D. Kocher, Carol A. Stepien
Nature review:
Nature 1997, 389:30 "A needs to for teleost taxonomists and common lovers of phylogenetic systematics".
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Extra info for Molecular Systematics of Fishes
Sample text
Substitution is thought to slowly alter the selective constraints so that the sites making up the covarion change over time (Fitch, 1971). , (Lethrinops aurita, Pseudotropheus zebra)), Gnathochromis pfefferi), (((Callochromis macrops, Opthalmotilapia ventralis) , Xenotilapia flavipinnus), Perissodus microlepis)), Limnochromis auritus), and Paracyprichromis brieni). bThe total length of the tree was 72 substitutions, including three sites that experienced at least 3 substitutions. Data fit a Poisson distribution of substitutions among sites, if it is assumed that only 100 of the 348 sites can accept a substitution.
1993). This model implies that pairs of alleles differing by a small number of repeats share a more recent common ancestor than those which differ greatly in repeat number; this potential information on relatedness of alleles is utilized by a novel, microsatellite-specific metric of ge- 3. Molecular Systematics of mbuna netic distance (see later). The stepwise mutation model (SMM) also illustrates the potential for convergent evolution of alleles, as there is no obvious way to determine whether an allele of a given size is descended from an ancestor possessing a greater or lesser number of repeat units.
When presumptive null homozygotes are observed, null allele frequencies may be estimated by maximum likelihood methods (Raymond and Rousset, 1995); it is at present unclear how allele frequencies should be estimated when hetero- Of great practical importance is the number of microsatellite loci and individuals that must be sampled to provide reliable resolution of phylogenetic relationships. It is obvious from theoretical considerations (Pamilo and Nei, 1988; Weir, 1990) that resolution is improved as greater numbers of loci are examined; this is particularly true if loci exhibit only moderate levels of allelic diversity (and thus lower information content).
