By Panos Macheras, Athanassios Iliadis
The state-of-the-art in Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics Modeling is gifted during this booklet. It exhibits how complex actual and mathematical tools can extend classical versions which will hide heterogeneous drug-biological methods and healing results within the physique. The publication is split into 4 components; the 1st offers with the basic ideas of fractals, diffusion and nonlinear dynamics; the second one with drug dissolution, free up, and absorption; the 3rd with empirical, compartmental, and stochastic pharmacokinetic versions, and the fourth as a rule with nonclassical points of pharmacodynamics. The classical versions that experience relevance and alertness to those sciences also are thought of all through. Many examples are used to demonstrate the intrinsic complexity of drug management similar phenomena within the human, justifying using complicated modeling equipment.
This well timed and beneficial publication will entice graduate scholars and researchers in pharmacology, pharmaceutical sciences, bioengineering, and physiology.
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Extra info for Modeling in Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Approaches
Example text
This is so, since a common translational velocity is superposed on the thermal motions of all drug molecules in any element of volume. On the other hand, convection processes for the dissolved and undissolved drug in the gastrointestinal tract are much more complicated. Here, physiology still plays a major role but dietary conditions and the type of formulation are important too. The picture becomes even more complicated if one takes into account the oscillatory nature of intestinal motility, which is related to the food intake.
A) Solute diffusion from two regions of different concentrations cl and cr ; the plane indicates the boundary of the regions. The transfer rate of material is proportional to concentrations cl and cr . (B) At a given time t there are n(z, t) and n(z + δ, t) molecules at positions z and z + δ, respectively. 3. , the difference between the two opposite unidirectional fluxes. There will be a net movement of solute molecules to the right if cl > cr or to the left if cl < cr . When cl = cr , the unidirectional fluxes are equal and the net flux is zero.
Although its study started from the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and physics, scientists from almost every field became interested in these ideas. The life sciences are good candidates for chaos due to the complexity of biological processes, although many consider the advanced mathematics and modeling techniques used a drawback. However, during the last 20 years the science of chaos has evolved into a truly interdisciplinary field of research that has changed the way scientists look at phenomena.
