By Andrej à alak, Marcela Selecká (auth.)
This paintings in 3 elements provides a precis of the sintered manganese metal houses from 1948 to 2011 related to processing stipulations and different features. within the first and 3rd half are given effects attained by means of the authors according to their discovering that manganese (cheapest point) in the course of sintering evaporates and through this the vapour cleans the sintering atmospheres from humidity. the second one half offers different confident houses of manganese steels inspite of the doubt of oxidation of manganese in the course of sintering and by way of this except for the sintering manganese steels what hinderd using manganese in construction of sintered components. All effects be certain that in basic terms manganese vapour based on discovering of the authors guarantees powerful sintering of manganese steels and components independently at the authors brain. It follows ultimately from the paintings that manganese is feasible to take advantage of for alloying of powder steels sintered additionally in perform in H/N atmospheres with low purity and in addition in natural nitrogen - more cost-effective than hydrogen with no a few of the linked difficulties. present tendencies within the box also are offered to the reader.
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Example text
The temperature dependence of the vapour pressure of some metals used in industry, including those used in powder metallurgy as alloying elements or base metals, is shown in Fig. 1. Some crystalline materials exhibit a relative high vapour pressure which attains the barometric pressure at the temperature lower than Fig. 1. The temperature dependence of vapour pressure of various metals. A. Šalak and M. 1007/978-1-907343-75-9_3, Ó Cambridge International Science Publishing 2012 22 Alloying and Sintering of Manganese Steels 23 their melting point.
This is caused by hardening of the ferrite by the substitutional solution of manganese. 05). 05). This shows that after sintering for 10 min the alloyed regions in the microvolumes were formed by pearlite, bainite and martensite, and after sintering for 60 min by fine pearlite and bainite. 05 (solid solution), again without any change with increasing sintering time. After sintering for 3 min, the microhardness of the region C was higher than that of the region D. This corresponds to the large amount of manganese sublimated from the ferromanganese particles and subsequent condensation on the surface of the iron powder particles at a higher temperature.
12(c) as well as in Fig. 11(a). New fine grains contribute to the accelerated and uniform diffusion of manganese and to alloying a greater volume of the individual powder particles by solid state diffusion. It can be assumed that the nucleation of new grains in the presence of gaseous manganese is also supported by the presence of a larger number of 52 Manganese in Powder Metallurgy Steels Fig. 13. Micrographs in detail; (a) – of Fig. 2(b), 60 min, 1200°C, RZ iron powder, (b) of Fig. 12(a), 5 min, 750°C, H iron powder, (b) – of Fig.
