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Lung Volume Reduction Surgery by Michael Argenziano, Mark E. Ginsburg

By Michael Argenziano, Mark E. Ginsburg

A panel of famous specialists comprehensively evaluation the scientific, surgical, and pathophysiologic concerns suitable to lung quantity relief surgical procedure for emphysema. themes diversity from the open procedure and video-assisted thoracoscopic ways to LVRS, to anesthetic administration, to perioperative and nursing care of the sufferer. The specialists additionally element the choice of applicants for LVRS, the scientific effects and scientific trials in LVRS, and the consequences of LVRS on survival premiums.

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On the other hand, RVEF measured by a fast-thermistor-tipped PA catheter depends on sensing temperature changes in the PA over time to calculate cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) by thermodilution technique. Thus, whereas the MUGA RVEF better estimates the “total” volume ejected from the right ventricle (forward volume plus the volume ejected backward through the tricuspid valve), the cathetermeasured RVEF best reflects effective “forward” volume ejected into the PA. Because many patients with advanced chronic lung disease and secondary pulmonary hypertension have RV dilation and tricuspid regurgitation, the MUGA estimation of RVEF is expected to be greater than the catheter-measured RVEF (69,70).

With the progression of time, pulmonary vascular pressures remained elevated, but did not progressively increase increase even in Chapter 3 / CV Effects of Emphysema 35 Fig. 2. Plot of survival in years as a function of initial PVR in COPD patients. From (20), with permission. the face of progressive destruction of lung parenchyma. There was neither hypoxia nor hypercapnia. Given the dissociation between parenchymal and vascular abnormalities, these workers concluded that neither vascular obliteration nor hypoxia was necessary for producing pulmonary hypertension with smoking.

Newer studies often incorporate radiologic findings, especially with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), in the definition of emphysema in individual patients. Finally, emphysema may be defined pathologically on the basis of tissue destruction. Because most patients with COPD have, in fact, both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, the distinctions are often illusory. Filley et al. (36) described two clinical types of COPD. “Pink puffers” were defined as patients with airflow limitation who were thin, had a narrow cardiac silhouette, no history of heart failure, and had a normal hematocrit.

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