By Robert H. Notter, Jacob Finkelstein, Bruce Holm
Progressing from basic clinical rules and ideas to in-depth topical discussions of present examine and remedy tools, this complete reference defines the mobile and molecular mechanisms contributing to inflammatory lung damage and service. broad insurance is supplied on key mediators and pathways vital in acute and protracted pulmonary irritation and lung damage, in addition to the mechanistic pathophysiology of comparable ailments starting from scientific acute lung harm (ALI) and the extreme breathing misery syndrome (ARDS) to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and different subacute and protracted stipulations. extra chapters additionally tackle vascular disorder, surfactant disorder, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and mobilephone and animal versions of acute and persistent lung harm.
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Sample text
Specifically, members of the Vegf family (159–161), the angiopoietin family (162–164), and members of the ephrin family (165) have all been implicated in controlling vascularization of the pulmonary system. Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide (EMAP) II, an antiangiogenic factor identified in tumor vascular development, shows a dynamic expression pattern during lung development. Its expression is low during embryonic mouse lung development and localizes to the submyoepithelial area, but in late gestation EMAPII expression becomes prominent around the large vessels (166).
46. Shennan AT, Dunn MS, Ohlsson A, Lennox K, Hoskins EM. Abnormal pulmonary outcomes in premature infants: prediction from oxygen requirement in the neonatal period. Pediatrics 1988; 82:527–532. 47. Zimmerman JJ, Farrell PM. Advances and issues in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Curr Prob Pediatr 1994; 24:159–170. 48. Bancalari E. Neonatal chronic lung disease. In:Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ, eds. Neonatal Perinatal Medicine. St. Louis: Mosby, 1997:1074–1089. 49. Hudson LD. New therapies for ARDS. Chest 1995; 108 (suppl):79S–91S.
IV. Postnatal Development and Growth of the Lung A sequence of events is well established for the fifth and final stage of lung development, the alveolar period, which in human is initiated in utero, but continues up to approximately 8 years. At birth, immature airspaces appear as smooth-walled transitory ducts and saccules with primitive type septa that are thick and contain a double capillary network. During alveolarization (see Fig. 2), alveoli develop in a centripetal manner initially from saccules, then on respiratory bronchioles and, from 4 years onwards on terminal bronchioles (167).
