By Robert Love
This e-book is set writing software program that makes the simplest use of the procedure you're operating on -- code that interfaces at once with the kernel and middle approach libraries, together with the shell, textual content editor, compiler, debugger, middle utilities, and procedure daemons. the vast majority of either Unix and Linux code continues to be written on the process point, and Linux approach Programming makes a speciality of every thing above the kernel, the place purposes comparable to Apache, bash, cp, vim, Emacs, gcc, gdb, glibc, ls, mv, and X exist.
Written essentially for engineers seeking to software (better) on the low point, this ebook is a perfect educating instrument for any programmer. in spite of the fashion towards high-level improvement, both via internet software program (such as personal home page) or controlled code (C#), an individual nonetheless has to write down the personal home page interpreter and the C# digital laptop. Linux method Programming supplies an realizing of middle internals that makes for greater code, regardless of the place apparently within the stack. Debugging high-level code usually calls for you to appreciate the approach calls and kernel habit of your working method, too.
Key subject matters include:
An assessment of Linux, the kernel, the C library, and the C compiler
Reading from and writing to records, besides different easy dossier I/O operations, together with how the Linux kernel implements and manages dossier I/O
Buffer dimension administration, together with the traditional I/O library
Advanced I/O interfaces, reminiscence mappings, and optimization techniques
The family members of process demands easy procedure management
Advanced method administration, together with real-time processes
File and directories-creating, relocating, copying, deleting, and coping with them
Memory administration -- interfaces for allocating reminiscence, coping with the reminiscence you've, and optimizing your reminiscence access
Signals and their position on a Unix process, plus uncomplicated and complex sign interfaces
Time, snoozing, and clock administration, beginning with the fundamentals and carrying on with via POSIX clocks and excessive solution timers
With Linux procedure Programming, it is possible for you to to take an in-depth examine Linux from either a theoretical and an utilized viewpoint as you hide a variety of programming issues.
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Example text
Such an approach, while possible, is limiting, due to the fact that classes in PHP can extend only one base class. PHP5 classes can, however, implement multiple interfaces, separated by commas: interface GeometricOperations { public getOrigin(); } interface TwoDimensionalOperations { public calculateArea(); } class Circle implements TwoDimensionalOperations, GeometricOperations { // Implement the required methods public getOrigin() { // Circle->getOrigin() implementation } public calculateArea() { // Circle->calculateArea() implementation } } Using both inheritance and multiple interfaces, in conjunction with inherited interfaces, you can build some seriously complex and powerful applications using simple building blocks.
Close: Closes a database connection. ❑ commit: Commits a transaction to the database. ❑ connect: Opens a new connection to MySQL database server (also the mysqli constructor). ❑ debug: Uses the Fred Fish debugging library to debug. ❑ dump_debug_info: Uses the Fred Fish debugging library to dump debugging information. ❑ get_client_info: Retrieves information about the client. 13 Chapter 1 ❑ get_host_info: Retrieves information about the connection. ❑ get_server_info: Retrieves information about the MySQL server.
The meaning of these three keywords is discussed later in this chapter. 20 PHP5 OOP The second part of the property definition, property_name is simply the name that you want the property to have. For example, say you wanted to create a class named Circle. You might want to have a public property to hold the radius, like so: class Circle { public $radius; } Optionally, you can specify an initial value for the property in its definition. Suppose you wanted to have the initial radius of your Circle set to 10; you might do the following: class Circle { public $radius = 10; } Then, each time a Circle object is created, it will start out with an initial radius of 10.
