By Graham C. Kearn
Many other forms of animals have followed a parasitic way of life at the epidermis and gills of marine and freshwater fishes, together with protozoans, flatworms, leeches, various crustaceans or even a few vertebrates (lampreys). there's a parasitic barnacle, defined first within the nineteenth century by way of Charles Darwin, fish lice that adjust intercourse and bivalve molluscs parasitic basically while younger. This publication explores for the 1st time in a single quantity, the outstanding biology of those little identified and regularly extraordinary animals.
The following heavily interwoven topics are thought of for every workforce of parasites: how they locate their hosts, how they connect, feed and reproduce, the wear they inflict and the way the host’s immune procedure retaliates. in keeping with the British fauna, yet extending the place acceptable to examples from North the USA, Australia and somewhere else, the publication is key analyzing, not only for the pro parasitologist, but additionally for an individual attracted to fishes and during this ignored box of British usual heritage.
With the enquiring naturalist in brain, phrases and ideas are defined as they come up, sponsored up through a word list, and the textual content is liberally illustrated. An introductory bankruptcy on fish biology units the scene and customary fish names are used all through, in addition to medical names.
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Extra info for Leeches, Lice and Lampreys: A Natural History of Skin and Gill Parasites of Fishes
Sample text
The life cycle of E. 2). The eggs are tetrahedral, an unusual shape for an egg, and are a rich brown colour. They would be conspicuous against the white lower skin of the sole, but are never found attached there. 40 CHAPTER 3 Fig. 2. The life cycle of the monogenean Entobdella soleae. The adult parasite (A) inhabits the lower surface of the common sole (Solea solea). Tetrahedral eggs attached to sand ballast on the sea-bed (B) liberate free-swimming ciliated larvae (oncomiracidia) (C), which typically invade the upper surface of the sole and migrate to the host’s lower surface.
There are many different kinds of free-living platyhelminths and although this is not a monophyletic assemblage its diverse members are commonly referred to as ‘turbellarians’. Freshwater habitats may yield black or white planarians (triclad ‘turbellarians’) measuring a centimetre or so in length and gliding gracefully and effortlessly over stones or waterweeds, propelled by a ventral ‘sole’ of beating cilia. Similar, but often larger, polyclads may be found beneath stones on a rocky shore. There is also an abundant microfauna, invisible without a microscope, living between sand grains on sandy shores, and tiny platyhelminths capable of swimming freely using their cilia make up a large proportion of this ‘interstitial fauna’.
Necator attaches itself to and exploits the superficial epithelial cells of the skin or gills and is found on practically all freshwater fishes (Lom & Dykova, 1992). It is dangerously pathogenic, especially to young fish and to fish with lowered resistance. It appears that the presence of Ichthyobodo on marine fishes went unnoticed until relatively recently. Needham & Wootten (1978) were the first to record the parasite in the sea off Scotland on salmon smolts, but since these fishes had come from fresh water it was assumed that the parasites had also originated in fresh water.
