By Robin Welcomme
Content material:
Chapter 1 creation (pages 1–7):
Chapter 2 pursuits (pages 8–16):
Chapter three the character of Inland Waters (pages 17–31):
Chapter four the character of Fish Populations (pages 32–83):
Chapter five The Fisherman and the Fishery (pages 84–91):
Chapter 6 Fishing innovations (pages 92–124):
Chapter 7 Fish Utilisation (pages 125–133):
Chapter eight source assessment (pages 134–159):
Chapter nine Social and fiscal review (pages 160–170):
Chapter 10 Integrating details (pages 171–194):
Chapter eleven Fishery administration (pages 195–216):
Chapter 12 Environmental administration (pages 217–235):
Chapter thirteen Enhancement (pages 236–261):
Chapter 14 Mitigation and Rehabilitation (pages 262–296):
Chapter 15 Biodiversity and Conservation concerns (pages 297–312):
Chapter sixteen laws (pages 313–325):
Chapter 17 end (pages 326–331):
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Additional info for Inland Fisheries: Ecology and Management
Example text
Magadi L. Natrow L. Manyara L. Tanganyica L. Gyasi Eastern rift valley L. Rukwa Western rift valley L. Malawi Shire River Fig. 3 The rift valley lakes of East Africa, an example of rift valley lakes. The nature of inland waters 21 Fig. 4 A fish landing at Lake Chilwa, Malawi – a tropical rift valley lake. Areas of lake dried out by sahelian drought . eR Lake Chad se ram R. Yaeres floodplain Ye d Ng ad da R. b Yo Cha ri R Lo go nt R . at alam s Bar Fig. 5 Lake Chad, an example of an endorhoeic depression lake.
In general there is a fauna adapted to periods of drought, which spawns and lives within the main channel of the river, and one adapted to more normal flood regimes, which spawns and feeds on the floodplain. 1 Some contrasting features of three behavioural guilds of revirine fishes Feature Whitefish Greyfish Blackfish Respiratory organs Gills Gills with some physiological adaptations to low dissolved oxygen Gills; supplementary air breathing organs; physiological adaptations to low dissolved oxygen Respiratory tolerance Highly oxygenated waters Medium to low oxygen tensions Low dissolved oxygen to anoxic Dominant sense Eyes Eyes; electrosensory Tactile; olfactory electrosensory Muscle fibre type Red Red/white White Migratory behaviour Long distance longitudinal Short distance longitudinal; lateral; often complex local movements Local movements Reproductive guild Non-guarders; open substrate spawners; lithophils pelagophils Guarders; nest spawners; open substrate spawners; phytophils Guarders; external and internal bearers; complex nest builders Body form Round, streamlined fusiform Laterally compressed, spiny often heavily scaled Vertically compressed; soft and flabby; elongated scales often absent or heavily armoured and spiny Colour Silvery or light Dark, frequently ornamented or coloured Very dark often black Dry season habitat Main channel, lake or sea Backwaters and fringes of main channel Floodplain, waterbodies Wet season habitat Main channel or flooded plain Floodplain Floodplain or marshy fringes The nature of fish populations 39 as the Niger, the two faunas are represented by species homologues (see, for example, Dansoko, 1975), one of which prefers main channels and the other the floodplain.
In other areas different behavioural groups within the same species ensure the diversity. In addition to the permanent residents of rivers, diadromous fish occupy the inland water system for only part of their life cycle. Anadromous species such as the salmonids and sturgeons spawn and pass their early life stages in freshwaters and their adult, feeding stages in the sea. Catadromous species such as the eels pass their adult stages in rivers and lakes and return to specific areas in the sea to breed.
