From Satellite to Single Market: The Europeanisation of by Richard Collins

Show description

As Eugster states: ‘At Torquay [where the EBU held its founding conference in 1950] in 1950, West European broadcasters were worried that they would have to pay higher royalties to directors, artists, authors and musicians…. The seriousness of the matter made necessary a formal examination of ways by which broadcasters can protect themselves from higher program rights costs’ (Eugster 1983:71). The conflict of interests between broadcasters and rights holders had therefore been recognised by the EBU and its members from the beginning of the EBU’s existence.

12 News items are offered to the exchanges by participating EBU members, by the EBU office in New York, by international television news agencies (such as Visnews) and by other broadcasting organisations such as Asiavision. e. no commentaries) on the sound tracks. A news item is included in the exchange if at least three members express interest in it. All participants in the news exchanges pay a share of the costs of the exchange (see Eugster 1983:110–11; Denys 1991). Following trials beginning in 1958, the first regular daily Eurovision news exchange began in the early 1960s (Type states that the news exchange began in 1961, Eugster gives 1962 as the starting date).

Berlin defines negative freedom (or liberty) as ‘The area within which the subject… is left to do or be what he [sic] is able to do or be, without interference by other persons’, whereas positive freedom (or liberty) is ‘the source of control or interference that can determine someone to do, or be, this rather than that’ (1969:121–2). 7 The extent to which positive freedom, ‘the wish on the part of the individual to be his own master’ (Berlin 1969:131), can be realised is a matter of an individual’s (or group’s) social power to achieve goals.