By Albert Lardo, Zahi A. Fayad, Nicolas Chronos, Valentin Fuster
An authoritative, updated source at the frequently intimidating technical enigma of CMR, Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: demonstrated and rising functions consolidates a large and transforming into physique of data right into a unmarried balanced resource. This hugely illustrated textual content presents present and sensible info on confirmed foundational functions of CMR. Its presentation of state of the art healing functions in numerous levels of improvement supplies the reader a glance into the way forward for CMR. The editors have chosen bankruptcy authors from a vast box of educational and personal perform clinicians, educational and business biomedical engineers, and MR technologists.
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Additional resources for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Established and Emerging Applications
Sample text
In the first case, water moves so fast between the biological compartments that the net effect is as if the contrast agent were uniformly spread throughout the whole tissue. 78 As a result, even though the intact red cell membrane prevents most MR contrast agents from entering the cell, as long as the plasma T1 is longer than 20 ms (which it is even in the first pass of most contrast agents), the two compartments of the blood (plasma plus red cells) will remain in fast exchange, and thus the blood will behave for MRI purposes as if the contrast agent were spread uniformly through the blood.
If the measurements were to continue to increasingly higher field strengths, then eventually the 3τc/(1 ϩ ωI2τc2) term would disperse. One way to increase relaxivity is to increase the correlation time τc. This increases the relaxation rate of the bound water (1/T 1m) and causes the denominator in Equation (5) to become smaller. This was the approach MR contrast agent basics taken with protein-bound molecules (like MS-325, B22956, and, to a lesser extent, Gd-BOPTA) and larger molecular constructs like Gadomer-17 and P792.
5) are shown, recorded at 25˚C and in PBS. Gd-TTHA is an analog of Gd-DTPA but with an additional carboxylate group to bind Gd, and is therefore q ϭ 0. MS-325 is an analog of Gd-DTPA, but will have a longer rotational correlation time because it is larger (larger compounds tumble slower). Compound 1 is an analog of Gd-TTHA and MS325 that was designed to contain no inner-sphere water. 11 Longitudinal relaxivities r1 of Gd-DTPA (open circles), Gd-TTHA (filled circles), MS-325 (filled triangles), and compound 1 (open triangles) in PBS at 25°C, as functions of field strength.
