By Mancia Giuseppe
Due to the fact that angiotensin II is among the so much powerful vasoconstrictors and an enormous stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal gland, the improvement of of angiotensin II inhibitors is a vital step in regulating blood strain. This category of drug is well-tolerated through pateints and those medications have the additional virtue over ACE inhibitors in that they're now not linked to cough. simply because such a lot medicinal drugs might be given as soon as day-by-day and, like ACEIs, they've got an invaluable additive hypotensive influence together with diuretics, they're a welcome healing device within the therapy of high blood pressure. This moment variation builds at the luck of the 1st and brings to the reader all of the most modern advancements, medical trial information, and the contributors's own views while treating sufferers with angiotensin II receptors antagonists.
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Extra info for Angiotensin II receptor antagonists : current perspectives
Example text
The presence of food somewhat delays the intestinal absorption, although this appears not be a clinically relevant effect. Peak plasma concentration is achieved after 1–3 hours. The half-life of plasma elimination is 5–7 hours. Eprosartan is administered once or twice daily. Plasma binding is high (approximately 98%), as observed for the other AT1 receptor blockers. Excretion of eprosartan, in the unchanged form, predominantly occurs via the bile and feces (approximately 90%), and much less so via the kidney (approximately 10%).
16. Stroth U, Blume A, Mielke K, Unger T. Angiotensin AT(2) receptor stimulates ERK1 and ERK2 in quiescent but inhibits ERK in NGF-stimulated PC12W cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 78:175–80. 17. Unger T. The role of the renin–angiotensin system in the development of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89:3A–10A. 18. Volpe M, Musumeci B, De Paolis P, Savoia C, Morganti A. Angiotensin II AT2 receptor subtype: an uprising frontier in cardiovascular disease? J Hypertens 2003; 21:1429–43.
G. reduction of cardiac hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis) beneficial effects of ARBs. It is important to note that AT2R expression, which is regulated – absolutely and relatively to the AT1R – depending on the pathological state as discussed above, is a prerequisite for this concept. The variable AT1R–AT2R expression ratios might also explain experimental discrepancies observed in different murine strains. 94 The authors observed that AT2R stimulation (induced by angiotensin II in the presence of candesartan) caused vasodilation in normotensive WKY rats – which seems not to involve cyclic GMP production95 – but vasoconstriction in hypertensive SHRs.
