By Margaret E. Grosh
This e-book contains case reports of 30 social courses from eleven Latin American international locations and offers necessary classes approximately focusing on more than a few social courses. those providers contain the supply of college lunches, nutrition stamps, day care, scholar reduction, funds funds, unemployment suggestions, housing mortgages, and foodstuff commodities and subsidies. info is equipped at the management expenditures, standards, and recommendations for concentrating on social companies. Case by way of case, the booklet indicates how different courses controlled to stability carrier advancements opposed to the cost of concentrating on to lead them to reasonable. It additionally describes the commonest focusing on tools and identifies which programmes used them and why.
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Quintile Calculation and Interpretation. There are some technical points about how the quintiles 2 are calculated that are important in interpreting results, especially when comparing studies that may have used different techniques. Individual versus household quintiles. Individual quintiles (or deciles) are calculated by estimating a welfare level for each person and ranking them from highest to lowest. The ranked population is divided into five (or ten) groups of equal size. These are sometimes referred to as population quintiles.
Cm. Includes bibliographical references. Human servicesLatin America. Latin AmericaSocial policy. Title. 0068dc20 93-40676 CIP Page v Contents Acknowledgments ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 In Theory: Costs and Benefits of Targeting 7 What Is Targeting? 7 Benefits of Targeting 7 Costs of Targeting 8 Chapter 3 Methods for Judging Outcomes 15 Issues in Measuring Targeting Accuracy 15 Issues in Quantifying Administrative Costs 26 Methods Used in This Study 29 Chapter 4 In Practice: Program Costs and Outcomes 33 An Administrative Taxonomy of Targeting Mechanisms 33 Targeting Outcomes 35 Administrative Costs 44 Linking Administrative Costs and Incidence 47 Outlier Programs 51 Discussion and Conclusions 53 Annex: Data Sources for the Figures 55 Chapter 5 Individual Assessment Mechanisms 59 Means Tests 60 Social Worker Evaluation 74 Proxy Means Test 78 Gender of Household Head 83 Nutritional Status or Risk 85 Conclusions 91 Page vi Chapter 6 Targeting by Group Characteristic and Geographic Area 95 Group Characteristic Mechanisms 95 Geographic Targeting 96 Conclusions 109 Chapter 7 Self-Targeting Mechanisms 111 The Concept and Key Factors 111 In Practice 116 Conclusions 128 Chapter 8 Targeting and Universal Services 131 Incidence of Universally Provided Programs 131 Coverage Differences 139 Differences in Quality 141 Unit-Costs Differentials 144 Chapter 9 Summary and Conclusions 151 When Is It Appropriate to Target?
The labor-disincentive problem has been an important concern in industrial countries. In reviewing the evidence for the United States' Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, Moffitt (1992) reports that few female heads of household who were ineligible for AFDC benefits seemed to lower their hours of work in order to become eligible; this effect may increase the case load by 5 percent at the most. However, he reports clearer evidence that AFDC recipients themselves reduce the number of hours that they work.
